火山岩型铀矿床的基本特征、研究进展与展望   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张龙  李晓峰  王果 《岩石学报》2020,36(2):575-588

火山岩型铀矿床主要分布在环太平洋带、阿尔卑斯-喜马拉雅山带、俄罗斯西伯利亚地台南部,形成于白垩纪、古近纪和新近纪等三个时期。其形成过程主要包括铀从源岩中萃取出、热液流体的运输、以及物理化学环境的变化导致铀的沉淀。铀的源岩一般是中酸性-酸性岩石,通常呈碱性、准铝质至过铝质,富硅质、富钾、贫钙,富集U、F、Nb、Ta、Zr、Th和Rb等元素,而亏损Mg、Fe、Ti、P、Ba、Sr、La和Eu等元素;与之有关的火山岩和次火山岩多数显示出A型花岗岩特征。铀通常赋存于副矿物或火山玻璃中,因此,铀源岩发生蚀变、副矿物发生蜕晶化是成矿物质释放的关键。火山岩型铀矿床中铀主要以碳酸盐和氟络合物离子形式迁移,铀的迁移形式对其沉淀机制有着重要影响。成矿流体通常是大气降水和岩浆水的混合,成矿温度集中在100～350℃、盐度一般小于15%NaCleqv。铀沉淀机制主要包括还原作用、pH值升高和沸腾作用。火山岩型铀矿床常伴生Mo、Be、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Hg和F等元素。未来火山岩型铀矿成因机制的研究应加强成矿物质来源、铀与伴生元素成因关系研究,这不仅有助于提高对火山岩型铀矿床成矿过程的认识,也可为勘查找矿工作提供理论帮助。  相似文献   

Late Paleozoic alkaline magmatism in Western Transbaikalia,Russia:Implications for magma sources and tectonic settings     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(4):1289-1303

This paper presents the results of geochronological(~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar,U-Pb SHRIMP Ⅱ),petrological and geochemical studies of the Late Paleozoic complexes of alkaline rocks(Zimovechinsky,Tuchinsky and Koma) located within the Vitim Plateau(the western part of the Mongol-Okhotsk Orogenic Belt).The rocks were formed at 310-280 Ma.It is coeval with Late Paleozoic magmatism within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.The ε_(Nd)(T) values show large variations from-2.1 to +3.3 as well as the initial Sr(I) isotopic ratios from 0.7042 to 0.7138,that demonstrate strong isotopic heterogeneity of the magmatic source.The geochemical characteristics of the rocks show pronounced positive Pb and negative Ti,Zr-Hf anomalies that can be explained by involvement of the subducted component in primary melts.The rocks intruded in a setting of extension at the active continental margin of the Siberian Craton during subduction of Mongol-Okhotsk oceanic crust under the Siberian Craton.  相似文献   

Research on Energy Radiation Characteristics of an Airgun Source Excited in Land Reservoir     

DONG Mingrong  FU Liyun  XING Chao  YANG Shaodong  YANG Jun  LI Xiaobin 《中国地震研究》2019,33(1):24-36

The energy radiation process of an airgun seismic source in land reservoir is studied based on the underwater wavelet data collected in the airgun excitation experiments in Binchuan, Yunnan, China. The empirical formula for calculating the bubble pulsation period and the maximum radius of the underwater airgun seismic source is obtained. The results show that: ① The energy radiation efficiency is higher vertically than horizontally. ② The vertical bubble energy radiation efficiency increases with the increase of the air supply pressure. ③ The vertical energy radiation efficiency of the airgun seismic source is 9.4% when the air supply pressure is 15 MPa. ④ The higher the air supply pressure, the further the propagating distance of the superposition-enhanced pressure wave of an airgun source.  相似文献   

气枪震源地震波走时变化影响因素分析及地震相关的走时变化     

周青云  刘自凤  贺素歌 《地震》2018,38(3):144-157

云南省地震局在程海断裂以西10 km的大银甸水库处建成了气枪震源发射台, 在水库丰水期内进行连续激发观测。 2014年8月21日、 24日气枪震源附近分别发生M_S4.2、 M_L4.1和M_L4.0地震。 本文利用宾川气枪震源附近的钟英台、 黄坪台等10个台站2014年9月8日至2015年2月28日观测数据, 使用波形互相关方法提取这些台站气枪信号的走时变化, 使用射线追踪的方式正演研究了气压、 水库水位、 潮汐应力等因素对波速变化的影响。 排除上述影响后, 认为3次4级左右地震可能是2014年9月台站气枪信号走时增大0.04~0.05 s的原因。  相似文献   

贵州省兴仁市富硒耕地土壤地球化学特征及来源分析          下载免费PDF全文

李丕鹏  黎富当  鲍大忠  莫光员  袁盛博 《贵州地质》2020,37(3):345-350

在贵州省兴仁市耕地质量地球化学调查评价基础上，研究了兴仁市耕地土壤中硒的地球化学特征、来源以及影响因素。结果表明，兴仁市耕地土壤硒的算术平均值为 042 mg/kg，背景值为 034 mg/kg，富硒耕地面积为 3145 万亩，占全县耕地面积的3402%；兴仁市耕地土壤中Se主要来源于成土母质，其中二叠系的煤系地层是高硒的主要来源；研究区土壤硒含量同时受土壤类型、土地利用方式、有机质含量、pH值影响。  相似文献   

Characteristics of Seismic Wave Propagation in the Binchuan Region of Yunnan Using a Dense Seismic Array and Large Volume Airgun Shots   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

SHE Yuyang  YAO Huajian  WANG Weitao  LIU Bin 《中国地震研究》2019,33(2):174-185

The Binchuan region of Yunnan is a structurally complex region with mountains, basins, and active faults. In this situation,seismic wave propagation exhibits complex characteristics due to strong heterogeneity of underground media instead of following the great-circle path. In order to obtain a high-resolution shallow crustal structure, a dense seismic array was deployed during March 21 to May 30, 2017 in this area. To better understand the complexities of seismic wave propagation in this region, we perform array-based frequency-domain beamforming analysis and single-station based polarization analysis to investigate the characteristics of seismic wave propagation, using airgun-generated P-wave signals recorded by dense array stations in this experiment. The results from these two methods both reveal similar but complex characteristics of seismic wave propagation in the Binchuan basin. The azimuth anomalies off the great-circle path are quite large with values up to 30°, which is caused by strong structural heterogeneity in the very shallow crust. Our research provide a better understanding of the complex geologic structures in this area and provide guidance for detecting concealed faults and distribution of velocity anomalies.  相似文献   

利用反投影方法计算陆地有限水体气枪震源激发过程          下载免费PDF全文

胡久鹏  王伟涛  王宝善  陈颙  蒋生淼 《地球物理学报》2018,61(3):1000-1012

陆地大容量气枪震源可用于区域尺度地球物理结构及变化的勘测.对气枪震源在有限水体内震源过程的研究，有助于我们深入了解气枪信号机制及气枪信号不同震相产生的成因.然而由于有限水体中大容量气枪激发的复杂物理过程，特别是复杂固液界面的存在，目前却没有较好的理论模型用以描述陆地气枪震源信号的能量传播特征.反投影方法是一种计算震源破裂过程的方法，能在动力学参数有限的情况下得到较优的结果.本文以此提出了一种修改的反投影方法，以用于模拟气枪震源激发过程中的能量分布图像.将气枪的激发分解为五个简化的物理过程，并分别建立数值模型，计算每个模型的理论波场，用作新方法的输入数据.通过对五个数值模型的数据计算发现，该方法可以准确地得到气枪激发后水体中的波场形态的变化，能够分辨出气枪激发过程中的气枪激发、气泡上浮、气泡震荡等过程，刻画能量分布特征，并且发现水听器足够密集与合理布置能达到更好的效果.该方法可以为气枪震源的快速评估及气枪震源的有效应用提供参考.  相似文献   

Using Airgun Source Signals to Study Regional Wave Velocity Changes before and after the Yunlong MS5.0 and Yangbi MS5.1 Earthquakes     

YANG Jianwen  LI Lei  ZHANG Pengying  YE Beng  HE Yingwen  CHEN Ji  CHA Wenjian 《中国地震研究》2019,33(2):320-335

On the basis of the airgun source signals recorded by the stations from January, 2016 to June, 2017, we use cross-correlation detection technology to obtain the characteristics of the stable phase travel time change of each station. We used the Yunlong M_S5.0 and Yangbi M_S5.1 earthquakes as samples. According to regional characteristics, 13 stations with high signal-to-noise ratios and complete data were selected (including 3 fixed stations and 10 active source stations). They are divided into four regions, and on the basis of the GNSS baseline data, the characteristics of regional wave velocity changes before and after the earthquake are analyzed. The results show that the station phase travel time change and the regional stress characteristics represented by the GNSS baseline data have good correlation in the short-term. Due to different degrees of regional stress, there are differences in the travel time changes of different stations in the four regions. Before the Yunlong M_S5.0 and Yangbi M_S5.1 earthquakes, with regional stress adjustment, there is an upward trend in the travel time changes of related stations in the adjacent areas of up to 0.02s. The difference is that there are differences in the time nodes and duration of the travel time anomalies, and there is a reverse descent process after the Yangbi M_S5.1 earthquake. There are different degrees of travel time fluctuations in the relevant stations before and after the two earthquakes, but the fluctuation range before and after the earthquake was small. Compared with the water level change of the reservoir, the adjustment of the regional stress is more likely to have a substantial impact on the travel time changes of the relevant stations.  相似文献   

A Study on the Seismic Velocity Changes before and after the 2016 MS6.4 Menyuan Earthquake Using the Active Source Data in the Qilian Mountain     

Zou Rui  Guo Xiao  Zhang Yuansheng  Qin Manzhong  Yan Wenhua 《中国地震研究》2018,32(4):549-559

The Qilian Mountain active source network data was processed using the methods of stacking, cross-correlation and interpolation, and the airgun travel time variation characteristics of P and S waves around the January 21, 2016 M_S6.4 Menyua, Qinghai earthquake. The results show that about 6 months before the earthquake, the relative travel time of three stations near the epicenter showed a declined change (travel time decrease), and such a change of low value anomaly was recovered about 3 months before the earthquake. The travel time decrease then appeared again, and the earthquake occurred during the recovery process. The maximum decrease of the S-wave travel time was 18ms, and the change in travel time returned to normal after the earthquake. The variation trend of the 3 stations is consistent, including the S-wave travel time change of station ZDY38, which is nearest to the epicenter and changed obviously, and the variation range of the travel time is smaller at the stations afar. This variation pattern is related to the position of the seismic source. The shorter travel time means the velocity increase, which may be related to the regional stress accumulation.  相似文献   

我国沙尘的来源、移动路径及对东部海域的影响   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

张凯  高会旺  张仁健  朱燕君  王跃思 《地球科学进展》2005,20(6):627-636

利用中国气象局提供的micaps天气资料,通过对2000—2002年发生的42次沙尘天气个例的分析,重点研究了沙尘的源地、移动路径、入海地点及对不同海域的影响概率。结果表明：影响我国的沙尘天气有70%起源于蒙古国,在经过境内沙漠地区时得以加强。沙尘粒子的移动和入海途径主要有3条：一是从内蒙古东部入侵的沙尘天气经浑善达克和科尔沁沙地后进入渤海和黄海;二是从内蒙古西部入侵的沙尘天气经内蒙古西部沙地和黄土高原后进入渤海、黄海和东海;三是从青海东部扬起的沙尘长距离输运进入黄海、东海及西北太平洋。2000—2002年,63.9％的沙尘天气会影响到海洋,其中,影响渤海、黄海和东海的概率分别为27.4％、30.9％和12.3％,影响朝鲜海峡和日本海的概率为20.2％和9.2％。  相似文献